Vitamin K is an essential fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin K refers to structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. The body needs vitamin K to produce prothrombin, a protein and clotting factor that is important in blood clotting and bone metabolism. It was known as the Koagulations vitamin for its distinct role in blood coagulation. It is active as a vitamin in animals and performs the classic functions of vitamin K, including its activity in the production of blood-clotting proteins. The foregoing paragraph concerning vitamin K’s role in coagulation inevitably leads to the question concerning whether the presence of vitamin K in natto defeats its use as a source of the anticoagulant enzyme nattokinase. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. However, the evidence for many of these proposed roles in the maintenance of health is equivocal. The liver plays a key role in blood coagulation, being the site of synthesis of almost all coagulation factors and inhibitors [1,2]. Indeed, many commercially-available rodent poisons are compounds that interfere with vitamin K and kill by inducing lethal hemorrhage. Phylloquinone (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) found in green plants is the major source of the vitamin. While vitamin K is primarily known for its role in clotting, it is also a key component in preventing blood clots. Role of vitamin K in coagulation Gamma carboxylation imparts another negative charge to promote the effective binding of these factors/proteins to calcium ions. The vitamin K - dependent coagulation proteins are synthesised in the liver and comprise factors II, VII, IX, and X, which have a haemostatic role (i.e., they are procoagulants that arrest and prevent bleeding), and proteins C and S, which have an anticoagulant role (i.e., they inhibit the clotting process). Role of vitamin K in blood clotting Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver, if vitamin K is inadequate in the diet or is not observed in the intestine, blood clotting becomes inefficient. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin which is essential in the human body for the purpose of blood coagulation as well as regulation of calcium metabolism in bones and other tissues. In the recommended therapeutic doses vitamin k and its related synthetic products are not toxic. The biochemical function of vitamin K is reflected in the mechanism of blood coagulation. Read at the Surgical Seminar at New York University. [Cofactor role of vitamin K in blood coagulation processes]. Vitamin K occupies a central role in the relationship between the liver and the coagulation system since it is required for the synthesis of functionally active forms of a number of coagulation factors and inhibitors by the liver, including prothrombin, factor VII (FVII), FXI, FX, protein C, and protein S. It involves the conversion of glutamate (Glu) to carboxyglutamate (Gla). Its utilization after assimilation depends on the presence of healthy liver tissue for the formation of prothrombin. VK plays a major role in the coagulation cascade. The K stands for koagulation (the German word for coagulation, the process of clotting). Without the activation step, certain biochemical reactions cannot be completed. Vitamin K plays an important role in coagulation, better known as blood clotting. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. It plays an important role in the functioning of coagulation factors, osteocalcin, and matrix-Gla protein (1,2) and is a vital cofactor for the carboxylation of glutamate into ɤ-carboxyglutamate. This initiates blood clotting by binding to calcium atoms on the surfaces of blood platelets, and sticking these cells together with blood-clotting enzymes. Vitamin K works in conjunction with the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase to modify certain proteins so they can bind to calcium. The vitamin was spelled with a K because its discovery was first published in a German medical journal. Many types of food contain vitamin K, and it is rare to have a deficiency. Without vitamin K, blood coagulation is seriously impaired, and uncontrolled bleeding occurs. Bandyopadhyay PK. Vitamin K is needed to maintain normal concentrations of blood coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X, all of which are synthesized in the liver. Vitamin K1 is involved in blood coagulation and vitamin K2 benefits bone and heart health. It's vital that blood clots when we have a surface injury that breaks blood vessels. Why is Vitamin K Important? Vitamin K . Recent studies have suggested that vitamin K may exert significant effects on the central nervous system. Design . Vitamin k apparently is a precursor or possibly an enzyme in the formation of prothrombin, which is a product of liver metabolism. Warfarin is a synthetic analogue that can inhibit vitamin K action. You get vitamin K from a variety of foods in your diet. It is well know that vitamin K is essential for normal blood plasma protein building - prothrombin, which is as inactive precursor of thrombin.Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin producing clot. Vitamin K 1 is made by plants, and is found in highest amounts in green leafy vegetables, because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. Vitamin K is necessary for normal clotting of blood in humans. Vitamin K plays a role in your blood clot formation and bone health. Read at the Surgical Seminar at New York University. As our research continues, we strive for a better understanding of vitamin K's role in human health beyond coagulation. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Protein S is partly homologous to other vitamin K-dependent plasma coagulation proteins, such as protein C and factors VII, IX, and X.
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